intake-output

                   

                                   FLUID INTAKE-OUTPUT

 intake :-  total amount of food, liquid in 24 hrs are called intake.

 output: -  total amount of intake are out from body in a day .

objectives :

·        To collect the data intake and output calculations .

·        Mentions the parameters of assessments before intake and output calculation .

·        Describe the negative and positive balance.

·        Determine who to calculate the intake and output .

Intake and output calculation:

The process involves recording all the fluid that goes into the patient and the fluid that leaves the body. Normal conditions the intake should equal output in 24 hours.

Ex of intake :

·        Liquids taken P/O .

·        Intravenous fluids (IV) .

·        Feedings via nasograstic or PEG tubes.

Ex of output :

·        Urine or liquid feces.

·        Blood.                

·        Drainage from wounds or suction.

Purpose:

·        To collect the investigation

·        Ensure accurate record keeping.

·        Prevent circulatory overloud.

·        Prevent dehydration.

·        Aids in analyzing trends in fluid status.

·        Contributes to accurate assessment record.

Assessment :

·        Check the kardex or listen in report to determine if an assigned client is on I&O.

·        Verify during report how much IV fluid has been accounted for from any currently infusing solution.

·        Review the nursing care plan.

·        Review the client’s medical record and analyze trends in I&O, vital signs measurements, laboratory findings, and weight records.

·        Perform a physical assessment .

·        Inspect all tubing’s and drains .

Notice if all suction containers or drainage containers were emptied . Determine how much the client understands.Look for a calibrated container and bedside I&O record. Obtain a collection device for inside the toilet.Measure the amount of water in the client’s bedside.

Situation 1.  A patient has recorded the following on a sheet of paper at the bedside:
Breakfast: eggs, toast, one cup of coffee (180 ml ); small orange juice (120 ml ).
Lunch: sandwich, apple, glass of tea (one glass of tea 240 ml )
Dinner: chicken, broccoli, rice,  2 glasses of tea
Between meals: 4 glasses of water(one glass of water 120 ml ). 1000mL of D5 W infusing IV at 30 mL/hour

Calculate the intake for 12 hours shift ?

Answer :

·        one cup of coffee =180 ml .

·        small orange juice = 120 ml .

·        3 glass of tea = 3×  240 = 720 ml .

·        4 glass of water = 4 ×120 = 480 ml.

·        30 ml IV fluid ×12 hours = 360 ml

·        Total intake for 12 hours = 180+ 120 + 720 + 480 + 360  = 1860 ml .