urine analysis

	Ø  Keep the bag on the newspaper/ plastic sheet.
	Ø  Remove watch and keep it in pocket.
	Ø  Remove the bangles or the rings and keep them in a safe place.
	Ø  Open the outer pocket of bag and take out soap dish containing soap, hand towel, nail brush and small piece of paper/ plastic sheet.
	Ø  Place towel on the newspaper.
	Ø  Place the soap box and nail brush on the paper/plastic sheet.
	Ø  Select the washing area.
	Ø  Turn tap on, or ask the family member to pour water.
	COLD TEST (NITRIC ACID TEST)
1	Pour half inch of nitric acid into a clean test tube.
2	Pour an equal quantity of urine with a pipette or dropper to trickle down on the     side of the test tube (or) fill three –fourth of test tube with filtered urine allow 2-3    drops of 20% nitric acid with a pipette to tickle down on the side of the test tube.
3	Notice that there is a white ring formation which denotes either albumin or     phosphate.
4	Boil it, if the white ring disappears, it is due to phosphate. If it remains, it means     albumin is present.
5	Discard the urine in a kidney basin.
	HOT TEST (SUGAR TEST)
1	Pour 5cc benedicts solution in a test tube.
2	Heat the solution at the bottom till it boils.
3	Watch for color change, if color changes, discard the solution and use new      solution.
4	If no color change, add 8 drops of urine with a pipette or dropper in the heated      solution.
5	Again heat it for 2 minutes.
6	Cool it and read the color changes.
	Green color- 0.5% or +
	Yellow color- 1% or ++
	Orange color- 1.5% or +++
	Brick red color- 2% or ++++
	If urosticks are available, the stick is dipped in urine and checked to see the change    in color and the point is noted.
7	Discard the urine, tested, in a kidney tray.
8	Wash your hands.
9	Clean the articles and replace it in the bag.
10	Inform the result and record it in the family folder.
11	Inform about your next visit.
	ALBUMIN TEST
1	Pour three-fourth of the test tube with urine.
2	Heat the test tube on the top third of the urine in the test tube over a flame. The      purpose of holding the test tube in slanting position is as follows:
	Precipitation can be seen clearly on the top of the urine.
	Normally the uric acid will settle down at the bottom of the test tube, by heating at the bottom the test tube may break. Urine may splash while heating in the bottom of the test tube.D147
3	Notice, if there is any precipitation, it denotes either protein or phosphate.
4	Add a few drops of diluted acid, if precipitate dissolves; it is due to the phosphate     present in the normal urine. If precipitate does not dissolve, it denotes the     presence of albumin.
5	It may be present in form of traces,
	A cloud-100 mg or +
	Thick cloud- 200 mg or ++
	Dense cloud- 500 mg or +++
6	Discard the urine in a kidney tray.
7	Wash your hands and the articles used.
8	Replace it in the bag after cleaning.
9	Inform the result and record it.
10	Plan your next visit.